Valuation of distressed assets, liquidation value, and fair value determination during insolvency proceedings.
Under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC), valuation is required during:

• CIRP (Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process) – To determine fair value (estimated realizable amount if the company is sold as a going concern) and liquidation value (estimated realizable amount if assets are sold piecemeal).
• Liquidation – For sale of assets or business units during liquidation proceedings.
 These valuations are carried out by Registered Valuers and are crucial for resolution plans, bidding, and distribution of proceeds.