This refers to valuations undertaken to comply with pricing and reporting norms under:

• FEMA / RBI – For inbound or outbound investments, issue/transfer of shares between residents and non-residents, where there is a prescribed minimum or maximum price.
• Income Tax Rules – Rule 11UA / 11UB – Rules that prescribe methods for valuation of shares, securities and certain assets for the purpose of income tax, particularly in cases like issue of shares at a premium, angel tax, or transfer pricing.
 The objective is to ensure the transaction price is in line with prescribed fair value to avoid tax and regulatory disputes.